218 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
218 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
## [ShardingSphere - 构建异构数据库上层的标准和生态](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/index_zh.html)
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**官方网站: https://shardingsphere.apache.org/**
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[](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/releases)
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[](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=apache_shardingsphere)
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[](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
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[](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=apache_shardingsphere)
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[](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=apache_shardingsphere)
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[](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=apache_shardingsphere)
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[](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=apache_shardingsphere)
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[](https://codecov.io/gh/apache/shardingsphere)
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[](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/5394)
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[](https://join.slack.com/t/apacheshardingsphere/shared_invite/zt-sbdde7ie-SjDqo9~I4rYcR18bq0SYTg)
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[](https://gitter.im/shardingsphere/Lobby)
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[](https://twitter.com/ShardingSphere)
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<table style="width:100%">
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<tr>
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<th>
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<a href="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map?activity=stars&repo_id=49876476" target="_blank" style="display: block" align="center">
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<picture>
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<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map/thumbnail.png?activity=stars&repo_id=49876476&image_size=auto&color_scheme=dark" width="721" height="auto">
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<img alt="Star Geographical Distribution of apache/shardingsphere" src="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map/thumbnail.png?activity=stars&repo_id=49876476&image_size=auto&color_scheme=light" width="721" height="auto">
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</picture>
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</a>
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</th>
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<th>
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<a href="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map?activity=pull-request-creators&repo_id=49876476" target="_blank" style="display: block" align="center">
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<picture>
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<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map/thumbnail.png?activity=pull-request-creators&repo_id=49876476&image_size=auto&color_scheme=dark" width="721" height="auto">
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<img alt="Pull Request Creator Geographical Distribution of apache/shardingsphere" src="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map/thumbnail.png?activity=pull-request-creators&repo_id=49876476&image_size=auto&color_scheme=light" width="721" height="auto">
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</picture>
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</a>
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</th>
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<th>
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<a href="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map?activity=issue-creators&repo_id=49876476" target="_blank" style="display: block" align="center">
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<picture>
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<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map/thumbnail.png?activity=issue-creators&repo_id=49876476&image_size=auto&color_scheme=dark" width="721" height="auto">
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<img alt="Issue Creator Geographical Distribution of apache/shardingsphere" src="https://next.ossinsight.io/widgets/official/analyze-repo-stars-map/thumbnail.png?activity=issue-creators&repo_id=49876476&image_size=auto&color_scheme=light" width="721" height="auto">
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</picture>
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</a>
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</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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### 概述
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<hr>
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Apache ShardingSphere 产品定位为 `Database Plus`,旨在构建异构数据库上层的标准和生态。
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它关注如何充分合理地利用数据库的计算和存储能力,而并非实现一个全新的数据库。ShardingSphere 站在数据库的上层视角,关注他们之间的协作多于数据库自身。
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`连接`、`增强` 和 `可插拔` 是 Apache ShardingSphere 的核心概念。
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- `连接:`通过对数据库协议、SQL 方言以及数据库存储的灵活适配,快速的连接应用与多模式的异构数据库;
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- `增强:`获取数据库的访问流量,并提供流量重定向(数据分片、读写分离、影子库)、流量变形(数据加密、数据脱敏)、流量鉴权(安全、审计、权限)、流量治理(熔断、限流)以及流量分析(服务质量分析、可观察性)等透明化增强功能;
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- `可插拔:`项目采用微内核 + 三层可插拔模型,使内核、功能组件以及生态对接完全能够灵活的方式进行插拔式扩展,开发者能够像使用积木一样定制属于自己的独特系统。
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ShardingSphere 已于 2020 年 4 月 16 日成为 [Apache 软件基金会](https://apache.org/index.html#projects-list)的顶级项目。
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迄今为止,已有超过 [10,000 个 GitHub 项目](https://github.com/search?l=Maven+POM&q=shardingsphere+language%3A%22Maven+POM%22&type=Code)采用了 ShardingSphere。
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### 文档📜
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<hr>
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[](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/overview/)
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[](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/)
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更多信息请参考:[https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/)
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### 参与贡献🚀🧑💻
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<hr>
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搭建开发环境和贡献者指南,请参考:[https://shardingsphere.apache.org/community/cn/involved/](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/community/cn/involved/)
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### 团队成员
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<hr>
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我们真挚感谢[社区贡献者](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/community/cn/team)对 Apache ShardingSphere 的奉献。
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##
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### 社区和支持💝🖤
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<hr>
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:link: [Mailing List](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/community/cn/involved/subscribe/). 适合于 Apache 社区相关讨论和版本发布;
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:link: [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/issues). 适合于设计问题、缺陷报告或者开发相关;
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:link: [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/discussions). 适合于技术问题咨询和新功能讨论;
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:link: [Slack channel](https://join.slack.com/t/apacheshardingsphere/shared_invite/zt-sbdde7ie-SjDqo9~I4rYcR18bq0SYTg). 适合于在线交流和线上会议;
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:link: [Twitter](https://twitter.com/ShardingSphere). 随时了解 Apache ShardingSphere 信息。
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##
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### 状态👀
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<hr>
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:white_check_mark: Version 5.5.1: 已发布 :tada:
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🔗 请访问 [发布说明](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/blob/master/RELEASE-NOTES.md) 获得更详细的信息.
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:soon: Version 5.5.2
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我们目前正在开发 5.5.2 里程碑。
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请访问[里程碑](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/milestones) 获取最新信息。
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##
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### 工作原理
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<hr>
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Apache ShardingSphere 由 JDBC、Proxy 这 2 款既能够独立部署,又支持混合部署配合使用的产品组成。
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它们均提供标准化的数据水平扩展、分布式事务和分布式治理等功能,可适用于如 Java 同构、异构语言、云原生等各种多样化的应用场景。
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### ShardingSphere-JDBC
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<hr>
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[](https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.shardingsphere/shardingsphere-jdbc)
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定位为轻量级 Java 框架,在 Java 的 JDBC 层提供的额外服务。
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它使用客户端直连数据库,以 jar 包形式提供服务,无需额外部署和依赖,可理解为增强版的 JDBC 驱动,完全兼容 JDBC 和各种 ORM 框架。
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:link: 更多信息请参考[官方网站](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/#shardingsphere-jdbc)。
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### ShardingSphere-Proxy
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<hr>
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[](https://nightlies.apache.org/shardingsphere/)
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[](https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.lua/shardingsphere/5.3.1/apache-shardingsphere-5.3.1-shardingsphere-proxy-bin.tar.gz)
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[](https://store.docker.com/community/images/apache/shardingsphere-proxy)
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定位为透明化的数据库代理端,提供封装了数据库二进制协议的服务端版本,用于完成对异构语言的支持。
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目前提供 MySQL 和 PostgreSQL 版本,它可以使用任何兼容 MySQL/PostgreSQL 协议的访问客户端操作数据,对 DBA 更加友好。
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:link: 更多信息请参考[官方网站](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/overview/#shardingsphere-proxy)。
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| | *ShardingSphere-JDBC* | *ShardingSphere-Proxy* |
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|-------|-----------------------|------------------------|
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| 数据库 | 任意 | MySQL/PostgreSQL |
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| 连接消耗数 | 高 | 低 |
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| 异构语言 | 仅 Java | 任意 |
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| 性能 | 损耗低 | 损耗略高 |
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| 无中心化 | 是 | 否 |
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| 静态入口 | 无 | 有 |
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### 混合架构
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<hr>
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ShardingSphere-JDBC 采用无中心化架构,与应用程序共享资源,适用于 Java 开发的高性能的轻量级 OLTP 应用;
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ShardingSphere-Proxy 提供静态入口以及异构语言的支持,独立于应用程序部署,适用于 OLAP 应用以及对分片数据库进行管理和运维的场景。
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Apache ShardingSphere 是多接入端共同组成的生态圈。
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通过混合使用 ShardingSphere-JDBC 和 ShardingSphere-Proxy,并采用同一注册中心统一配置分片策略,能够灵活的搭建适用于各种场景的应用系统,使得架构师更加自由地调整适合于当前业务的最佳系统架构。
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:link: 更多信息请参考[官方网站](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/overview/#hybrid-architecture)。
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##
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### 解决方案
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<hr>
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| *解决方案/功能* | *分布式数据库* | *数据安全* | *数据库网关* | *全链路压测* |
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|-----------|----------|---------------|----------------|---------|
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| | 数据分片 | 数据加密 | 异构数据库支持 | 影子库 |
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| | 读写分离 | 行级权限(TODO) | SQL 方言转换(TODO) | 可观测性 |
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| | 分布式事务 | SQL 审计(TODO) | | |
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| | 弹性伸缩 | SQL 防火墙(TODO) | | |
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| | 高可用 | | | |
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##
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### 线路规划
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<hr>
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##
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### 如何构建 Apache ShardingSphere
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<hr>
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查看 [Wiki](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/wiki) 详细了解如何构建 Apache ShardingSphere。
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##
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### 全景图
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<hr>
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<p align="center">
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<br/><br/>
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<img src="https://landscape.cncf.io/images/cncf-landscape-horizontal-color.svg" width="165"/> <img src="https://www.cncf.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cncf-main-site-logo.svg" width="200"/>
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<br/><br/>
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ShardingSphere 进入了<a href="https://landscape.cncf.io/?category=app-definition-and-development&grouping=category">CNCF 云原生全景图</a>。
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</p>
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##
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