// Copyright 2021-present StarRocks, Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include "exprs/time_functions.h"

#include <cctz/civil_time.h>
#include <glog/logging.h>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <cstring>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "column/binary_column.h"
#include "column/column_builder.h"
#include "column/column_helper.h"
#include "column/column_viewer.h"
#include "column/const_column.h"
#include "column/fixed_length_column.h"
#include "column/vectorized_fwd.h"
#include "exprs/function_context.h"
#include "exprs/mock_vectorized_expr.h"
#include "gen_cpp/InternalService_types.h"
#include "runtime/datetime_value.h"
#include "runtime/runtime_state.h"
#include "runtime/time_types.h"
#include "testutil/function_utils.h"
#include "types/date_value.h"
#include "types/logical_type.h"
#include "util/defer_op.h"

namespace starrocks {

class TimeFunctionsTest : public ::testing::Test {
public:
    void SetUp() override {
        expr_node.opcode = TExprOpcode::ADD;
        expr_node.child_type = TPrimitiveType::INT;
        expr_node.node_type = TExprNodeType::BINARY_PRED;
        expr_node.num_children = 2;
        expr_node.__isset.opcode = true;
        expr_node.__isset.child_type = true;
        expr_node.type = gen_type_desc(TPrimitiveType::BOOLEAN);

        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        _state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);
        _utils = std::make_shared<FunctionUtils>(_state.get());
    }

public:
    TExprNode expr_node;

private:
    std::shared_ptr<RuntimeState> _state;
    std::shared_ptr<FunctionUtils> _utils;
};

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, yearTest) {
    Columns columns;

    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    for (int j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
        tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2000 + j, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
    }

    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::year(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    for (int k = 0; k < 20; ++k) {
        ASSERT_EQ(2000 + k, v->get_data()[k]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, quarterNullTest) {
    Columns columns;

    NullColumn::Ptr null = NullColumn::create();
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    for (int j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {
        tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, j + 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
        null->append(j % 2 == 0);
    }

    columns.emplace_back(NullableColumn::create(tc, null));

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::quarter(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_numeric());

    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

    for (int k = 0; k < 10; ++k) {
        if (k % 2 != 0) {
            result->is_null(k);
        }

        ASSERT_EQ((k) / 3 + 1, v->get_data()[k]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, yearAddTest) {
    Columns columns;

    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    Int32Column::Ptr year = Int32Column::create();
    for (int j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
        tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
        year->append(j);
    }

    columns.emplace_back(tc);
    columns.emplace_back(year);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::years_add(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_timestamp());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());
    for (int k = 0; k < 20; ++k) {
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2000 + k, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30), v->get_data()[k]);
        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_null(k));
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, quarterAddTest) {
    Columns columns;

    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    Int32Column::Ptr quarter = Int32Column::create();

    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
    quarter->append(2);

    columns.emplace_back(tc);
    columns.emplace_back(quarter);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::quarters_add(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

    ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2000, 7, 1, 0, 30, 30), v->get_data()[0]);
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_null(0));
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, millisAddTest) {
    Columns columns;

    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    Int32Column::Ptr millis = Int32Column::create();

    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
    millis->append(200);

    columns.emplace_back(tc);
    columns.emplace_back(millis);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::millis_add(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

    TimestampValue check_ts;
    check_ts.from_timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30, 200 * 1000);

    ASSERT_EQ(check_ts, v->get_data()[0]);
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_null(0));
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, yearOverflowTest) {
    Columns columns;

    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    Int32Column::Ptr year = Int32Column::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
    year->append(8000);

    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
    year->append(7999);

    columns.emplace_back(tc);
    columns.emplace_back(year);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::years_add(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_timestamp());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_null(0));

    ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(9999, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30), v->get_data()[1]);
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_null(1));
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, monthTest) {
    Columns columns;
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    for (int j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
        tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, j + 1, 1, 0, 1, 1));
    }
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr years = TimeFunctions::year(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(years->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(years->is_nullable());
    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::month(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto year_values = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(years);
    auto month_values = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    for (size_t j = 0; j < tc->size(); ++j) {
        ASSERT_EQ(2000 + (j / 12), year_values->get_data()[j]);
        ASSERT_EQ((j + 1) % 13 + (j + 1) / 13, month_values->get_data()[j]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, dayOfWeekTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 5, 0, 1, 1));  // Sunday
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 6, 0, 1, 1));  // Monday
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 7, 0, 1, 1));  // Tuesday
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 8, 0, 1, 1));  // Wednesday
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 9, 0, 1, 1));  // Thursday
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 10, 0, 1, 1)); // Friday
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 11, 0, 1, 1)); // Saturday
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 12, 0, 1, 1)); // Sunday
    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::day_of_week(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto week_days = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < tc->size(); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ((i + 1) == 7 ? 7 : (i + 1) % 7, week_days->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, dayOfYearTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 0, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 0, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 0, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 0, 1, 1));

    int days[] = {1, 33, 66, 99, 130, 308};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::day_of_year(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto year_days = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(days) / sizeof(days[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(days[i], year_days->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, weekOfYearTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 5, 3, 0, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 28, 7, 12, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 2, 3, 34));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 8, 9, 5, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 12, 31, 8, 8, 13));

    int weeks[] = {1, 27, 13, 15, 32, 53};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::week_of_year(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto year_weeks = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(weeks) / sizeof(weeks[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(weeks[i], year_weeks->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, weekOfYearIsoTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 5, 0, 5, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 9, 0, 9, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 6, 0, 6, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 7, 0, 7, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 10, 0, 10, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 4, 0, 4, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 8, 0, 8, 0));

    int weeks[] = {1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 52, 1, 1};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::week_of_year_iso(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    auto year_weeks = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(weeks) / sizeof(weeks[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(weeks[i], year_weeks->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, weekWithDefaultModeTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2007, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2017, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 9, 23, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2015, 10, 11, 0, 0, 0));

    int weeks[] = {0, 18, 38, 41};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::week_of_year_with_default_mode(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    auto year_weeks = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(weeks) / sizeof(weeks[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(weeks[i], year_weeks->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, dayofweekisoTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 1, 0, 5, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 2, 0, 9, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0));

    int days[] = {7, 1, 2};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::day_of_week_iso(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    auto ret = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(days) / sizeof(days[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(days[i], ret->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, weekdayTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 1, 0, 5, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 2, 0, 9, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2023, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0));

    int days[] = {6, 0, 1};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::week_day(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    auto ret = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(days) / sizeof(days[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(days[i], ret->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, weekWithModeTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2007, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2017, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 9, 23, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2015, 10, 11, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2014, 12, 11, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2001, 5, 3, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2005, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2003, 9, 3, 0, 0, 0));

    Int32Column::Ptr mode_column = Int32Column::create();
    mode_column->append(3);
    mode_column->append(2);
    mode_column->append(1);
    mode_column->append(0);
    mode_column->append(5);
    mode_column->append(7);
    mode_column->append(4);
    mode_column->append(6);

    int weeks[] = {1, 18, 39, 41, 49, 18, 5, 36};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);
    columns.emplace_back(mode_column);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::week_of_year_with_mode(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    auto year_weeks = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(weeks) / sizeof(weeks[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(weeks[i], year_weeks->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, toDateTest) {
    const int year = 2020, month = 6, day = 18;
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(year, month, day, 19, 21, 21));
    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::to_date(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_date());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    DateValue date = DateValue::create(year, month, day);
    auto dates = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(result);
    ASSERT_TRUE(date == dates->get_data()[0]);
}

using TestTeradataForamtParam = std::tuple<std::string, std::string, std::string>;

class ToTeraDateTestFixture : public ::testing::TestWithParam<TestTeradataForamtParam> {};

TEST_P(ToTeraDateTestFixture, to_tera_date) {
    auto& [datetime_str, format_str, expect_str] = GetParam();

    TQueryGlobals globals;
    globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
    globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
    globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
    auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);
    auto utils = std::make_shared<FunctionUtils>(state.get());

    Columns columns;
    BinaryColumn::Ptr data = BinaryColumn::create();
    data->append(datetime_str);
    BinaryColumn::Ptr format_data = BinaryColumn::create();
    format_data->append(format_str);
    ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(format_data, 1);

    columns.emplace_back(data);
    columns.emplace_back(format);

    utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

    // prepare
    ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::to_tera_date_prepare(utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                    FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

    // execute
    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::to_tera_date(utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_date());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto dates = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(result);
    std::cout << " real   : " << dates->get_data()[0].to_string() << std::endl;
    std::cout << " expect : " << expect_str << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;
    ASSERT_TRUE(expect_str == dates->get_data()[0].to_string());

    // close
    ASSERT_TRUE(
            TimeFunctions::to_tera_date_close(utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                    .ok());
}

INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(ToDateV2Test, ToTeraDateTestFixture,
                         ::testing::Values(
                                 // clang-format: off
                                 TestTeradataForamtParam("1994-09-09", "yyyy-mm-dd", "1994-09-09"),
                                 TestTeradataForamtParam("04-08-1988", "mm-dd-yyyy", "1988-04-08"),
                                 TestTeradataForamtParam("04.1988,08", "mm.yyyy,dd", "1988-04-08"),
                                 TestTeradataForamtParam("1994", "yyyy", "1994-01-01"),
                                 TestTeradataForamtParam(";198804:08", ";yyyymm:dd", "1988-04-08")
                                 // clang-format: on
                                 ));

using TestToTimestampParam = std::tuple<std::string, std::string, std::string>;

class ToTimestampTestFixture : public ::testing::TestWithParam<TestToTimestampParam> {};

TEST_P(ToTimestampTestFixture, to_tera_timestamp) {
    auto& [datetime_str, format_str, expect_str] = GetParam();

    TQueryGlobals globals;
    globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
    globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
    globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
    auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);
    auto utils = std::make_shared<FunctionUtils>(state.get());

    Columns columns;
    BinaryColumn::Ptr data = BinaryColumn::create();
    data->append(datetime_str);
    BinaryColumn::Ptr format_data = BinaryColumn::create();
    format_data->append(format_str);
    ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(format_data, 1);

    columns.emplace_back(data);
    columns.emplace_back(format);

    utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

    // prepare
    ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::to_tera_timestamp_prepare(utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                         FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

    // execute
    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::to_tera_timestamp(utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_timestamp());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto dates = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);
    std::cout << " real   : " << dates->get_data()[0].to_string() << std::endl;
    std::cout << " expect : " << expect_str << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;
    ASSERT_TRUE(expect_str == dates->get_data()[0].to_string());

    // close
    ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::to_tera_timestamp_close(utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                       FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());
}

INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
        ToTimestampTest, ToTimestampTestFixture,
        ::testing::Values(
                // clang-format: off
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1994-09-09", "yyyy-mm-dd", "1994-09-09 00:00:00"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("04-08-1988", "mm-dd-yyyy", "1988-04-08 00:00:00"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("04.1988,08", "mm.yyyy,dd", "1988-04-08 00:00:00"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam(";198804:08", ";yyyymm:dd", "1988-04-08 00:00:00"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1988/04/08 2", "yyyy/mm/dd hh", "1988-04-08 02:00:00"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1988/04/08 14", "yyyy/mm/dd hh24", "1988-04-08 14:00:00"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1988/04/08 14:15", "yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi", "1988-04-08 14:15:00"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1988/04/08 14:15:16", "yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss", "1988-04-08 14:15:16"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1988/04/08 2:3:4", "yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss", "1988-04-08 02:03:04"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1988/04/08 2 am:3:4", "yyyy/mm/dd hh am:mi:ss", "1988-04-08 02:03:04"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1988/04/08 2 pm:3:4", "yyyy/mm/dd hh pm:mi:ss", "1988-04-08 14:03:04"),
                TestTeradataForamtParam("1988/04/08 02:03:04", "yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss", "1988-04-08 02:03:04")

                // clang-format: on
                ));

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, dateAndDaysDiffTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
    // group 1
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 0));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    // group 2
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 1));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    // group 3
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 9, 1, 0, 0, 1));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    // group 4
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 23, 0, 0, 5));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    // group 5
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 25));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 30));
    // group 6
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 30));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 25));

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc1);
    columns.emplace_back(tc2);

    // date_diff
    {
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(6, v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(6, v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ(8, v->get_data()[2]);
        ASSERT_EQ(-1, v->get_data()[3]);
        ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[4]);
        ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[5]);
    }

    // days_diff
    {
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::days_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(5, v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(6, v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ(8, v->get_data()[2]);
        ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[3]);
        ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[4]);
        ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[5]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, dateDiffTest) {
    // constant type and non-constant lhs and rhs.
    {
        using CaseType = std::tuple<std::string, std::vector<TimestampValue>, std::vector<TimestampValue>, std::string>;
        std::vector<CaseType> cases{
                {"day",
                 {TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2012, 9, 1, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 23, 0, 0, 5),
                  TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 25), TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 30)},
                 {TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 30), TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 25)},
                 "[5, 6, 8, 0, 0, 0]"},
                {"month",
                 {TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2012, 9, 1, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 23, 0, 0, 5),
                  TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 25), TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 30)},
                 {TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 30), TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 25)},
                 "[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]"},
        };

        for (const auto& [type_value, lhs_values, rhs_values, expected_out] : cases) {
            std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> ctx(FunctionContext::create_test_context());
            Columns columns;

            ConstColumn::Ptr type_col = ConstColumn::create(BinaryColumn::create());
            TimestampColumn::Ptr lhs_col = TimestampColumn::create();
            TimestampColumn::Ptr rhs_col = TimestampColumn::create();

            type_col->append_datum(Slice(type_value));
            for (const auto& v : lhs_values) {
                lhs_col->append_datum(v);
            }
            for (const auto& v : rhs_values) {
                rhs_col->append_datum(v);
            }

            columns.clear();
            columns.push_back(type_col);
            columns.push_back(lhs_col);
            columns.push_back(rhs_col);
            ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);

            ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datediff_prepare(ctx.get(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                                .ok());
            ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datediff(ctx.get(), columns).value();
            ASSERT_TRUE(
                    TimeFunctions::datediff_close(ctx.get(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL).ok());

            ASSERT_EQ(expected_out, result->debug_string());
        }
    }

    // non-constant type, lhs and rhs.
    {
        using CaseType = std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::vector<TimestampValue>, std::vector<TimestampValue>,
                                    std::string>;
        std::vector<CaseType> cases{
                {{"day", "day", "month", "day", "month", "month"},
                 {TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2012, 9, 1, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 23, 0, 0, 5),
                  TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 25), TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 30)},
                 {TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1), TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1),
                  TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 30), TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 13, 48, 25)},
                 "[5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0]"}};

        for (const auto& [type_values, lhs_values, rhs_values, expected_out] : cases) {
            std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> ctx(FunctionContext::create_test_context());
            Columns columns;

            BinaryColumn::Ptr type_col = BinaryColumn::create();
            TimestampColumn::Ptr lhs_col = TimestampColumn::create();
            TimestampColumn::Ptr rhs_col = TimestampColumn::create();

            for (const auto& v : type_values) {
                type_col->append_datum(Slice(v));
            }
            for (const auto& v : lhs_values) {
                lhs_col->append_datum(v);
            }
            for (const auto& v : rhs_values) {
                rhs_col->append_datum(v);
            }

            columns.clear();
            columns.push_back(type_col);
            columns.push_back(lhs_col);
            columns.push_back(rhs_col);
            ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);

            ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datediff_prepare(ctx.get(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                                .ok());
            ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datediff(ctx.get(), columns).value();
            ASSERT_TRUE(
                    TimeFunctions::datediff_close(ctx.get(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL).ok());

            ASSERT_EQ(expected_out, result->debug_string());
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, timeDiffTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
    // group 1: from TimestampFunctionsTest.time_diff_test
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 7, 18, 12, 0, 0));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 7, 18, 13, 1, 2));
    // group 2
    auto t1 = TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 20, 0, 1, 1);
    auto t2 = TimestampValue::create(2019, 5, 10, 13, 12, 11);

    cctz::civil_second s1(2020, 6, 20, 0, 1, 1);
    cctz::civil_second s2(2019, 5, 10, 13, 12, 11);

    tc1->append(t1);
    tc2->append(t2);

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc1);
    columns.emplace_back(tc2);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_TIME>(result);
    ASSERT_EQ(-3662, v->get_data()[0]);
    ASSERT_EQ(s1 - s2, v->get_data()[1]);
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, yearsDiffTest) {
    {
        Columns columns;

        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
        for (int j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
            tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2001, 11, 1, 0, 30, 30));
            tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 12, 1, 0, 30, 30));
        }

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);
        columns.emplace_back(tc2);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::years_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        for (int k = 0; k < 20; ++k) {
            ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[k]);
        }
    }

    {
        Columns columns;

        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
        for (int j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
            tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2002, 12, 1, 0, 30, 30));
            tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 11, 1, 0, 30, 30));
        }

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);
        columns.emplace_back(tc2);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::years_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        for (int k = 0; k < 20; ++k) {
            ASSERT_EQ(2, v->get_data()[k]);
        }
    }

    {
        Columns columns;

        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
        for (int j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
            tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 11, 1, 0, 30, 30));
            tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2001, 12, 1, 0, 30, 30));
        }

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);
        columns.emplace_back(tc2);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::years_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        for (int k = 0; k < 20; ++k) {
            ASSERT_EQ(-1, v->get_data()[k]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, monthsDiffTest) {
    {
        Columns columns;

        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
        for (int j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
            tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
            tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 12, 1, 0, 30, 30));
        }

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);
        columns.emplace_back(tc2);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::months_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        for (int k = 0; k < 20; ++k) {
            ASSERT_EQ(-11, v->get_data()[k]);
        }
    }

    {
        Columns columns;

        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
        for (int j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
            tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2002, 1, 1, 0, 30, 30));
            tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2000, 12, 1, 0, 30, 30));
        }

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);
        columns.emplace_back(tc2);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::months_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        for (int k = 0; k < 20; ++k) {
            ASSERT_EQ(13, v->get_data()[k]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, now) {
    {
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::now(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(ptr->is_timestamp());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);
        ASSERT_EQ("2019-08-06 01:38:57", v->get(0).get_timestamp().to_string());
    }

    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        starrocks::RuntimeState state(globals);
        starrocks::FunctionUtils futils(&state);
        FunctionContext* ctx = futils.get_fn_ctx();
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::now(ctx, Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(ptr->is_timestamp());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 0), v->get(0).get_timestamp());
    }
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
        globals.__set_timestamp_us(1565080737805123L);
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        starrocks::RuntimeState state(globals);
        starrocks::FunctionUtils futils(&state);
        FunctionContext* ctx = futils.get_fn_ctx();
        Columns args;
        auto precisions = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_INT>(7, 1);
        args.emplace_back(precisions);
        ASSERT_FALSE(TimeFunctions::now(ctx, args).ok());

        precisions = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_INT>(6, 1);
        args.clear();
        args.emplace_back(precisions);
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::now(ctx, args).ok());
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::now(ctx, args).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 805123), v->get(0).get_timestamp());
    }
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
        globals.__set_timestamp_us(1565080737805123L);
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        starrocks::RuntimeState state(globals);
        starrocks::FunctionUtils futils(&state);
        FunctionContext* ctx = futils.get_fn_ctx();
        Columns args;
        Int32Column::Ptr precisions = Int32Column::create();
        for (int i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
            precisions->append(i);
        }
        args.emplace_back(precisions);
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::now(ctx, args).value();
        ASSERT_EQ(7, ptr->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ptr);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 0), v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 800000), v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 800000), v->get_data()[2]);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 805000), v->get_data()[3]);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 805100), v->get_data()[4]);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 805120), v->get_data()[5]);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57, 805123), v->get_data()[6]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, curtime) {
    // without RuntimeState
    {
        ColumnPtr now = TimeFunctions::now(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::curtime(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(ptr->is_numeric());
        TimestampValue ts = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(now)->get(0).get_timestamp();
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);

        int h, m, s, us;
        ts.to_time(&h, &m, &s, &us);
        ASSERT_EQ(h * 3600 + m * 60 + s, v->get(0).get_double());
    }
    // with RuntimeState
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        starrocks::RuntimeState state(globals);
        starrocks::FunctionUtils futils(&state);
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::curtime(futils.get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(ptr->is_numeric());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);
        ASSERT_EQ(1 * 3600 + 38 * 60 + 57, v->get(0).get_double());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, curdate) {
    // without RuntimeState
    {
        ColumnPtr now = TimeFunctions::now(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ColumnPtr cur_date = TimeFunctions::curdate(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(cur_date->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(cur_date->is_date());
        TimestampValue ts = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(now)->get(0).get_timestamp();
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(cur_date);
        ASSERT_EQ((DateValue)ts, v->get(0).get_date());
    }
    // with RuntimeState
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        starrocks::RuntimeState state(globals);
        starrocks::FunctionUtils futils(&state);
        ColumnPtr cur_date = TimeFunctions::curdate(futils.get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(cur_date->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(cur_date->is_date());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(cur_date);
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2019, 8, 6), v->get(0).get_date());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, weeks_diff) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
    // case 1: 0 week, from TimestampFunctionsTest.time_diff_test
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 0));
    // case 2: 0 week
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 31, 0, 0, 0));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    // case 3: -1 week
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 31, 0, 0, 1));
    // case 4: 1 week
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 31, 0, 0, 1));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    // case 5: 1 week
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 23, 16, 55, 25));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 13, 16, 55, 26));
    // case 6: 1 week
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 12, 23, 10, 10, 10));
    // case 7: 2 week
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 12, 19, 3, 4, 5));
    // case 8: -14 week
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 3, 4, 5));

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc1);
    columns.emplace_back(tc2);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::weeks_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_EQ(8, result->size());

    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
    ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[0]);
    ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[1]);
    ASSERT_EQ(-1, v->get_data()[2]);
    ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[3]);
    ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[4]);
    ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[5]);
    ASSERT_EQ(2, v->get_data()[6]);
    ASSERT_EQ(-14, v->get_data()[7]);
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, quarters_diff) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
    // case 1: 0 quarter
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 2, 3, 4, 4));
    // case 2: 0 quarter
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 2, 3, 4, 4));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    // case 3: -1 quarter
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    // case 4: 1 quarter
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    // case 5: 1 quarter
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 7, 2, 3, 4, 4));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
    // case 6: 4 quarters
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 23, 17, 44, 23));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 6, 23, 17, 44, 23));

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc1);
    columns.emplace_back(tc2);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::quarters_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_EQ(6, result->size());

    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
    ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[0]);
    ASSERT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[1]);
    ASSERT_EQ(-1, v->get_data()[2]);
    ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[3]);
    ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[4]);
    ASSERT_EQ(4, v->get_data()[5]);
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, hours_minutes_seconds_diff) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc2 = TimestampColumn::create();
    // case 1: from TimestampFunctionsTest.timestampdiff_test
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 0));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    // case 2
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 24, 0, 0, 1));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2012, 8, 30, 0, 0, 0));
    // case 3
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 28, 22, 0, 2));
    // case 4
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 2, 28, 22, 0, 2));
    // case 5
    tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 12, 30, 30));
    tc2->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 12, 31, 12, 30, 30));

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc1);
    columns.emplace_back(tc2);

    // hours_diff
    {
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::hours_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_EQ(5, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(143, v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(-143, v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ(25, v->get_data()[2]);
        ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[3]);
        ASSERT_EQ(24, v->get_data()[4]);
    }
    // minutes_diff
    {
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::minutes_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_EQ(5, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(8639, v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(-8639, v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ(1559, v->get_data()[2]);
        ASSERT_EQ(119, v->get_data()[3]);
        ASSERT_EQ(1440, v->get_data()[4]);
    }
    // seconds_diff
    {
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::seconds_diff(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_EQ(5, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(518399, v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(-518399, v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ(93599, v->get_data()[2]);
        ASSERT_EQ(7199, v->get_data()[3]);
        ASSERT_EQ(86400, v->get_data()[4]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, toUnixForNow) {
    {
        Columns columns;

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::to_unix_for_now_32(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_constant());

        auto v = ConstColumn::static_pointer_cast(result)->data_column();
        //auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_BIGINT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1565080737, Int32Column::static_pointer_cast(v)->get_data()[0]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, toUnixFromDatetime) {
    {
        Columns columns;

        TimestampColumn::Ptr tc1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(1970, 1, 1, 16, 0, 0));
        tc1->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 1, 38, 57));

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::to_unix_from_datetime_32(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(24 * 60 * 60, v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(1565080737, v->get_data()[1]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, toUnixFromDate) {
    {
        Columns columns;

        DateColumn::Ptr tc1 = DateColumn::create();
        tc1->append(DateValue::create(1970, 1, 1));
        tc1->append(DateValue::create(1970, 1, 2));

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::to_unix_from_date_32(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(8 * 60 * 60, v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(32 * 60 * 60, v->get_data()[1]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, toUnixFromDatetimeWithFormat) {
    {
        Columns columns;
        //     ASSERT_EQ(1565080737, TimestampFunctions::to_unix(ctx, StringVal("2019-08-06 01:38:57"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S").val);
        BinaryColumn::Ptr tc1 = BinaryColumn::create();
        tc1->append("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        tc1->append("2019-08-06 01:38:58");
        BinaryColumn::Ptr tc2 = BinaryColumn::create();
        tc2->append("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S");
        tc2->append("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S");

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);
        columns.emplace_back(tc2);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::to_unix_from_datetime_with_format_32(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1565080737, v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(1565080738, v->get_data()[1]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, fromUnixToDatetime) {
    {
        Columns columns;
        //     ASSERT_EQ(1565080737, TimestampFunctions::to_unix(ctx, StringVal("2019-08-06 01:38:57"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S").val);
        Int32Column::Ptr tc1 = Int32Column::create();
        tc1->append(1565080737);
        tc1->append(1565080797);
        tc1->append(1565084337);

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_unix_to_datetime_32(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        //ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ("2019-08-06 01:38:57", v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ("2019-08-06 01:39:57", v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ("2019-08-06 02:38:57", v->get_data()[2]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, fromUnixToDatetimeWithFormat) {
    {
        Columns columns;
        //     ASSERT_EQ(1565080737, TimestampFunctions::to_unix(ctx, StringVal("2019-08-06 01:38:57"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S").val);
        Int32Column::Ptr tc1 = Int32Column::create();
        tc1->append(24 * 60 * 60);
        tc1->append(61 + 24 * 60 * 60);
        tc1->append(3789 + 24 * 60 * 60);
        BinaryColumn::Ptr tc2 = BinaryColumn::create();
        tc2->append("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S");
        tc2->append("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S");
        tc2->append("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S");

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);
        columns.emplace_back(tc2);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::from_unix_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                     FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_unix_to_datetime_with_format_32(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        //ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ("1970-01-01 16:00:00", v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ("1970-01-01 16:01:01", v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ("1970-01-01 17:03:09", v->get_data()[2]);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::from_unix_close(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                   FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, fromUnixToDatetimeWithConstFormat) {
    {
        Columns columns;
        //     ASSERT_EQ(1565080737, TimestampFunctions::to_unix(ctx, StringVal("2019-08-06 01:38:57"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S").val);
        Int32Column::Ptr tc1 = Int32Column::create();
        tc1->append(24 * 60 * 60);
        tc1->append(61 + 24 * 60 * 60);
        tc1->append(3789 + 24 * 60 * 60);
        auto tc2 = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S", 1);

        columns.emplace_back(tc1);
        columns.emplace_back(tc2);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::from_unix_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                     FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_unix_to_datetime_with_format_32(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        //ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());

        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ("1970-01-01 16:00:00", v->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ("1970-01-01 16:01:01", v->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ("1970-01-01 17:03:09", v->get_data()[2]);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::from_unix_close(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                   FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());
    }

    // Test empty string
    {
        auto tc1 = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_INT>(24 * 60 * 60, 1);
        auto tc2 = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>("", 1);

        Columns columns = {tc1, tc2};
        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::from_unix_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                     FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_unix_to_datetime_with_format_32(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->only_null());
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::from_unix_close(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                   FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, from_days) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> x(ctx);

    const int Year = 2020, Month = 6, Day = 24;
    DateTimeValue dtv(TIME_DATE, Year, Month, Day, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    DateValue date = DateValue::create(Year, Month, Day);
    // nullable
    {
        ColumnPtr tc = ColumnHelper::create_column(TypeDescriptor(TYPE_INT), true);
        tc->append_datum((RunTimeTypeTraits<TYPE_INT>::CppType)dtv.daynr());
        (void)tc->append_nulls(1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_days(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(2, nullable_col->size());
        ASSERT_EQ(date, nullable_col->get(0).get_date());
        ASSERT_FALSE(nullable_col->is_null(0));
    }
    // const
    {
        auto tc = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_INT>((RunTimeTypeTraits<TYPE_INT>::CppType)dtv.daynr(), 1);
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_days(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_constant());

        ConstColumn::Ptr const_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1, const_col->size());
        ASSERT_FALSE(const_col->is_date());
        ASSERT_EQ(date, const_col->get(0).get_date());
    }
    // null
    {
        ColumnPtr tc = ColumnHelper::create_const_null_column(1);
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_days(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->only_null());
    }
    // normal
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr col = Int32Column::create();
        col->append(730850);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(col);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_days(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1, nullable_col->size());
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2000, 12, 31), nullable_col->get(0).get_date());
        ASSERT_FALSE(nullable_col->is_null(0));
    }
    // overflow
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr tc = Int32Column::create();
        tc->append(3652425);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_days(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
        auto col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1, col->size());
        ASSERT_FALSE(col->is_null(0));
        ASSERT_EQ(col->get(0).get_date().to_string(), "0000-00-00");
    }
    // from_days(negative) return "0000-00-00"
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr tc = Int32Column::create();
        tc->append(-1);
        tc->append(-2);
        tc->append(-2147483648);
        Columns columns;
        columns.push_back(tc);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::from_days(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        auto col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(3, col->size());
        for (auto i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
            ASSERT_FALSE(col->is_null(i));
            ASSERT_EQ(col->get(i).get_date().to_string(), "0000-00-00");
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, to_days) {
    const int Year = 2020, Month = 6, Day = 24;
    auto tc = RunTimeTypeTraits<TYPE_DATE>::ColumnType::create();
    tc->append(DateValue::create(Year, Month, Day));

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(std::move(tc));

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::to_days(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
    auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);
    DateTimeValue dtv(TIME_DATE, Year, Month, Day, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(dtv.daynr(), v->get_data()[0]);
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, str_to_date) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    const char* str1 = "01,5,2013";
    const char* str2 = "2020-06-24 17:10:25";
    const char* fmt1 = "%d,%m,%Y";
    const char* fmt2 = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s";
    TimestampValue ts1 = TimestampValue::create(2013, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0);
    TimestampValue ts2 = TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 24, 17, 10, 25);

    const auto& varchar_type_desc = TypeDescriptor::create_varchar_type(TypeDescriptor::MAX_VARCHAR_LENGTH);
    // nullable
    {
        ColumnPtr str_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        ColumnPtr fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1)); // str1 <=> fmt1
        fmt_col->append_datum(Slice(fmt1));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str2)); // str2 <=> fmt2
        fmt_col->append_datum(Slice(fmt2));
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1); // null <=> fmt1
        fmt_col->append_datum(Slice(fmt1));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1)); // str1 <=> null
        (void)fmt_col->append_nulls(1);
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1); // null <=> null
        (void)fmt_col->append_nulls(1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str_to_date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(5, nullable_col->size());
        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, nullable_col->get(0).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_EQ(ts2, nullable_col->get(1).get_timestamp());
        for (int i = 2; i < 5; ++i) {
            ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(i));
        }
    }
    // const
    {
        auto str_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(str1, 1);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(fmt1, 1);
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str_to_date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_constant());

        ConstColumn::Ptr const_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_FALSE(const_col->is_timestamp());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, const_col->size());
        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, const_col->get(0).get_timestamp());
    }
    // const <=> non-const
    {
        ColumnPtr str_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(fmt1, 1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1));
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("25,06,2020"));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str_to_date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(3, nullable_col->size());
        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, nullable_col->get(0).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 25, 0, 0, 0), nullable_col->get(2).get_timestamp());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, str_to_date_of_dateformat) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    const char* str1 = "2013-05-01";
    const char* fmt1 = "%Y-%m-%d";
    TimestampValue ts1 = TimestampValue::create(2013, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0);
    const auto& varchar_type_desc = TypeDescriptor::create_varchar_type(TypeDescriptor::MAX_VARCHAR_LENGTH);
    // const <=> non-const
    {
        ColumnPtr str_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(fmt1, 1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1));
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("2020-06-25"));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("     2020-03-12"));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("   2020-03-12    11:35:23  "));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("   2020-0  "));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str_to_date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);

        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, nullable_col->get(0).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 25, 0, 0, 0), nullable_col->get(2).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 12, 0, 0, 0), nullable_col->get(3).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 12, 0, 0, 0), nullable_col->get(4).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(5));
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, str_to_date_of_datetimeformat) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    const char* str1 = "2013-05-01 11:12:13";
    const char* fmt1 = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s";
    TimestampValue ts1 = TimestampValue::create(2013, 5, 1, 11, 12, 13);
    [[maybe_unused]] TimestampValue ts2 = TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 24, 17, 10, 25);
    const auto& varchar_type_desc = TypeDescriptor::create_varchar_type(TypeDescriptor::MAX_VARCHAR_LENGTH);
    // const <=> non-const
    {
        ColumnPtr str_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(fmt1, 1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1));
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("2020-06-25 12:05:39"));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("     2020-03-12 08:19:39"));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("   2020-03-12    11:35:23  "));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("   2020-03-12    11:  "));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str_to_date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);

        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, nullable_col->get(0).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 25, 12, 5, 39), nullable_col->get(2).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 12, 8, 19, 39), nullable_col->get(3).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 12, 11, 35, 23), nullable_col->get(4).get_timestamp());
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 12, 11, 0, 0), nullable_col->get(5).get_timestamp());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, date_format) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    DateColumn::Ptr date_col = DateColumn::create();
    date_col->append(DateValue::create(2013, 5, 1));
    TimestampColumn::Ptr dt_col = TimestampColumn::create();
    dt_col->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 25, 15, 58, 21));
    // date_format
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("%d,%m,%Y"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("01,05,2013"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013-05-01 00:00:00"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyyMMdd"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("20130501"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013-05-01"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013-05-01 00:00:00"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013-05-01T00:00:00"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("abcdef"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("abcdef"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    // datetime_format
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("%d,%m,%Y"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("25,06,2020"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s"), 1);

        auto dts_col = TimestampColumn::create();
        dts_col->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 25, 15, 58, 21, 111000));
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(dts_col));
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(fmt_col));
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2020-06-25 15:58:21"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(fmt_col));
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2020-06-25 15:58:21"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyyMMdd"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(fmt_col));
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("20200625"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(fmt_col));
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2020-06-25"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(fmt_col));
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2020-06-25 15:58:21"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(fmt_col));
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2020-06-25T15:58:21"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("abcdef"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(fmt_col));
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("abcdef"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        // stack-buffer-overflow test
        std::string test_string;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
            test_string.append("x");
        }
        auto fmt_col =
                ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice(test_string.c_str(), test_string.size()), 1);
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(fmt_col));

        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_EQ(true, result->is_null(0));
    }
    {
        // Test(const,var)
        auto datetime_col =
                ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_DATETIME>(TimestampValue::create(2020, 12, 18, 10, 9, 8), 2);
        BinaryColumn::Ptr string_col = BinaryColumn::create();
        string_col->append_string(std::string("a"));
        string_col->append_string(std::string("b"));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(datetime_col);
        columns.emplace_back(string_col);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);

        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_constant());
        auto binary_col = down_cast<BinaryColumn*>(result.get());
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("a"), binary_col->get_slice(0));
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("b"), binary_col->get_slice(1));
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("", 0), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->only_null());
    }
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr fmt_col = BinaryColumn::create();
        fmt_col->append_string(std::string(""));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_null(0));
    }
    {
        auto string_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("", 0), 1);
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(string_col);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->only_null());
    }
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr string_col = BinaryColumn::create();
        string_col->append_string(std::string(""));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(string_col);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_null(0));
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, jodatime_format) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    DateColumn::Ptr date_col = DateColumn::create();
    date_col->append(DateValue::create(2013, 5, 1));
    TimestampColumn::Ptr dt_col = TimestampColumn::create();
    dt_col->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 6, 25, 15, 58, 21));
    // jodadate_format
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("dd,MM,yy"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("01,05,13"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyyMMdd"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("20130501"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013-05-01"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013-05-01 00:00:00"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013-05-01T00:00:00"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("bcfbcf"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("bcfbcf"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("", 0), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->only_null());
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("G C Y x w e E y D M d"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("AD 20 2013 2013 18 3 Wed 2013 121 5 1"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy MMM dd EEEE ee"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013 May 01 Wednesday 03"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy MMM 'abcd'"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2013 May abcd"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("'abcd' yyyyMM"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadate_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("abcd 201305"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    // datetime_format
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("dd,MM,yy"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("25,06,20"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyyMMdd"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("20200625"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2020-06-25"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2020-06-25 15:58:21"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("2020-06-25T15:58:21"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("bcfbcf"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("bcfbcf"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
    {
        // stack-buffer-overflow test
        std::string test_string;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
            test_string.append("x");
        }
        auto fmt_col =
                ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice(test_string.c_str(), test_string.size()), 1);
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);

        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_EQ(true, result->is_null(0));
    }

    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("", 0), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(date_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->only_null());
    }

    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("a K h H k m s S"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("PM 3 3 15 15 58 21 0"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("a K 'abcd'"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("PM 3 abcd"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("'abcd' yyyyMM"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::jodadatetime_format(ctx, columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, result->size());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(Slice("abcd 202006"), v->get_data()[0]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, trino_str_to_jodatime) {
    TQueryOptions query_option;
    query_option.__set_sql_dialect("trino");
    RuntimeState state(TUniqueId(), query_option, TQueryGlobals(), nullptr);
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    ctx->set_runtime_state(&state);
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    {
        auto dt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("2024-01-01 12:34:56"), 1);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.S"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::parse_joda_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        StatusOr<ColumnPtr> result = TimeFunctions::parse_jodatime(ctx, columns);
        TimeFunctions::parse_joda_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_FALSE(result.ok());
        ASSERT_EQ(result.status().message(), "Invalid format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.S' for '2024-01-01 12:34:56'");
    }

    {
        auto expect = TimestampValue::create(2023, 12, 21, 12, 34, 56);
        auto dt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("2023-12-21 12:34:56"), 1);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::parse_joda_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        StatusOr<ColumnPtr> result = TimeFunctions::parse_jodatime(ctx, columns);
        TimeFunctions::parse_joda_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(result.value());
        auto datetime_value = v->get(0).get_timestamp();
        ASSERT_EQ(expect, datetime_value);
    }

    {
        auto expect = TimestampValue::create(2023, 12, 21, 12, 34, 56);
        auto dt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("21/December/23 12:34:56"), 1);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("dd/MMMM/yy HH:mm:ss"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::parse_joda_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        StatusOr<ColumnPtr> result = TimeFunctions::parse_jodatime(ctx, columns);
        TimeFunctions::parse_joda_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(result.value());
        auto datetime_value = v->get(0).get_timestamp();
        ASSERT_EQ(expect, datetime_value);
    }

    {
        auto expect = TimestampValue::create(2023, 12, 21, 12, 34, 56, 123);
        auto dt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("21/December/23 12:34:56.000123"), 1);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(Slice("dd/MMMM/yy HH:mm:ss.SSSSSS"), 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(dt_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);
        TimeFunctions::parse_joda_prepare(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        StatusOr<ColumnPtr> result = TimeFunctions::parse_jodatime(ctx, columns);
        TimeFunctions::parse_joda_close(ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(result.value());
        auto datetime_value = v->get(0).get_timestamp();
        ASSERT_EQ(expect, datetime_value);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, daynameTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 17, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 54, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 13, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 8, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 41, 1));

    std::string days[] = {"Wednesday", "Sunday", "Friday", "Wednesday", "Saturday", "Tuesday"};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::day_name(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    auto day_names = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(days) / sizeof(days[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(days[i], day_names->get_data()[i].to_string());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, monthnameTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 17, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 54, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 13, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 8, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 41, 1));

    std::string months[] = {"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "November"};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::month_name(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    auto day_names = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(months) / sizeof(months[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(months[i], day_names->get_data()[i].to_string());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, convertTzGeneralTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 13, 21, 3));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 13, 21, 3));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 13, 21, 3));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 8, 21, 3));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 8, 21, 3));

    BinaryColumn::Ptr tc_from = BinaryColumn::create();
    tc_from->append(Slice("Asia/Shanghai"));
    tc_from->append(Slice("Asia/Urumqi"));
    tc_from->append(Slice("America/Los_Angeles"));
    tc_from->append(Slice("Asia/Shanghai"));
    tc_from->append(Slice("Asia/Shanghai"));

    BinaryColumn::Ptr tc_to = BinaryColumn::create();
    tc_to->append(Slice("America/Los_Angeles"));
    tc_to->append(Slice("America/Los_Angeles"));
    tc_to->append(Slice("Asia/Urumqi"));
    tc_to->append(Slice("UTC"));
    tc_to->append(Slice("+08:00"));

    TimestampValue res[] = {TimestampValue::create(2019, 7, 31, 22, 21, 3),
                            TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 0, 21, 3), TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 2, 2, 21, 3),
                            TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 0, 21, 3), TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 8, 21, 3)};
    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);
    columns.emplace_back(tc_from);
    columns.emplace_back(tc_to);

    _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

    ASSERT_TRUE(
            TimeFunctions::convert_tz_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                    .ok());

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::convert_tz(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    auto day_names = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);
    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(res) / sizeof(res[0]); ++i) ASSERT_EQ(res[i], day_names->get_data()[i]);

    ASSERT_TRUE(
            TimeFunctions::convert_tz_close(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                    .ok());
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, convertTzConstTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 4, 7, 21, 21, 3));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 13, 8, 7));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2019, 6, 18, 9, 13, 27));

    auto tc_from = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>("Asia/Urumqi", 1);

    const char* literal = "America/Los_Angeles";
    BinaryColumn::Ptr to_col = BinaryColumn::create();
    to_col->append(Slice(literal));
    to_col->get_bytes().emplace_back('X');
    to_col->get_bytes().resize(to_col->get_offset().back());
    ConstColumn::Ptr tc_to = ConstColumn::create(std::move(to_col));

    TimestampValue res[] = {TimestampValue::create(2019, 4, 7, 8, 21, 3), TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 1, 0, 8, 7),
                            TimestampValue::create(2019, 6, 17, 20, 13, 27)};
    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);
    columns.emplace_back(tc_from);
    columns.emplace_back(tc_to);

    _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);
    _utils->get_fn_ctx()->_arg_types.emplace_back(FunctionContext::TypeDesc{TYPE_DATETIME});
    _utils->get_fn_ctx()->_arg_types.emplace_back(FunctionContext::TypeDesc{TYPE_VARCHAR});
    _utils->get_fn_ctx()->_arg_types.emplace_back(FunctionContext::TypeDesc{TYPE_VARCHAR});

    ASSERT_TRUE(
            TimeFunctions::convert_tz_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                    .ok());

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::convert_tz(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

    auto day_names = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);
    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(res) / sizeof(res[0]); ++i) ASSERT_EQ(res[i], day_names->get_data()[i]);

    ASSERT_TRUE(
            TimeFunctions::convert_tz_close(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                    .ok());
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, utctimestampTest) {
    {
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::utc_timestamp(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(ptr->is_timestamp());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);
        ASSERT_EQ("2019-08-06 08:38:57", v->get(0).get_timestamp().to_string());
    }

    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        starrocks::RuntimeState state(globals);
        starrocks::FunctionUtils futils(&state);
        FunctionContext* ctx = futils.get_fn_ctx();
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::utc_timestamp(ctx, Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(ptr->is_timestamp());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);
        ASSERT_EQ(TimestampValue::create(2019, 8, 6, 8, 38, 57), v->get(0).get_timestamp());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, utctimeTest) {
    // without RuntimeState
    {
        ColumnPtr utc_timestamp = TimeFunctions::utc_timestamp(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::utc_time(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(ptr->is_numeric());
        TimestampValue ts = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(utc_timestamp)->get(0).get_timestamp();
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);

        int h, m, s, us;
        ts.to_time(&h, &m, &s, &us);
        ASSERT_EQ(h * 3600 + m * 60 + s, v->get(0).get_double());
    }
    // with RuntimeState
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_now_string("2019-08-06 01:38:57");
        globals.__set_timestamp_ms(1565080737805);
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        starrocks::RuntimeState state(globals);
        starrocks::FunctionUtils futils(&state);
        FunctionContext* ctx = futils.get_fn_ctx();
        ColumnPtr ptr = TimeFunctions::utc_time(ctx, Columns()).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(ptr->is_constant());
        ASSERT_FALSE(ptr->is_numeric());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(ptr);
        ASSERT_EQ(8 * 3600 + 38 * 60 + 57, v->get(0).get_double());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, hourTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 0, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 1, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 1, 1));

    int days[] = {21, 14, 11, 9, 8, 23};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);
    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::hour(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto year_days = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(days) / sizeof(days[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(days[i], year_days->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, minuteTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 17, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 54, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 13, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 8, 1));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 41, 1));

    int days[] = {22, 17, 54, 13, 8, 41};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::minute(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto year_days = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(days) / sizeof(days[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(days[i], year_days->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, secondTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 51));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 17, 28));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 54, 23));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 13, 19));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 8, 16));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 41, 37));

    int days[] = {51, 28, 23, 19, 16, 37};

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(tc);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::second(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
    ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());

    auto year_days = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_INT>(result);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(days) / sizeof(days[0]); ++i) {
        ASSERT_EQ(days[i], year_days->get_data()[i]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, timestampTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 51));

    //second
    {
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::timestamp(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[] = {TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 51)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, datetimeTruncTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 51));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 17, 28));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 54, 23));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 13, 19));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 8, 16));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 41, 37));

    //second
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append("second");
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                          FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 51), TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 17, 28),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 54, 23), TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 13, 19),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 8, 16),   TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 41, 37)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //minute
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append("minute");
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                          FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 22, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 17, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 54, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 13, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 8, 0),   TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 41, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //hour
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append("hour");
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                          FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 21, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 14, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 11, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 9, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 8, 0, 0),  TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 23, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //day
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append("day");
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                          FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 6, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 8, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 9, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 3, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //month
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append("month");
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                          FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 1, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //year
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append("year");
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                          FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //week
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append("week");
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                          FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(2019, 12, 30, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 27, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0),   TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 6, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 5, 4, 0, 0, 0),   TimestampValue::create(2020, 11, 2, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //quarter
    {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append("quarter");
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                          FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::datetime_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2020, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2020, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, dateTruncTest) {
    DateColumn::Ptr tc = DateColumn::create();
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2020, 2, 2));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2020, 3, 6));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2020, 4, 8));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2020, 5, 9));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2020, 11, 3));

    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::vector<DateValue>>> test_cases = {
            {/*fmt*/ "day",
             /*expected_date */ {DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 2, 2),
                                 DateValue::create(2020, 3, 6), DateValue::create(2020, 4, 8),
                                 DateValue::create(2020, 5, 9), DateValue::create(2020, 11, 3)}},
            {"DAY",
             {DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 2, 2), DateValue::create(2020, 3, 6),
              DateValue::create(2020, 4, 8), DateValue::create(2020, 5, 9), DateValue::create(2020, 11, 3)}},
            {"month",
             {DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 2, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 3, 1),
              DateValue::create(2020, 4, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 5, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 11, 1)}},
            {"MONTH",
             {DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 2, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 3, 1),
              DateValue::create(2020, 4, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 5, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 11, 1)}},
            {"year",
             {DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1),
              DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1)}},
            {"YEAR",
             {DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1),
              DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 1)}},
            {"week",
             {DateValue::create(2019, 12, 30), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 27), DateValue::create(2020, 3, 2),
              DateValue::create(2020, 4, 6), DateValue::create(2020, 5, 4), DateValue::create(2020, 11, 2)}},
            {"WEEK",
             {DateValue::create(2019, 12, 30), DateValue::create(2020, 1, 27), DateValue::create(2020, 3, 2),
              DateValue::create(2020, 4, 6), DateValue::create(2020, 5, 4), DateValue::create(2020, 11, 2)}}};

    for (const auto& test_case : test_cases) {
        BinaryColumn::Ptr text = BinaryColumn::create();
        text->append(test_case.first);
        ConstColumn::Ptr format = ConstColumn::create(text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(format);
        columns.emplace_back(tc);

        _utils->get_fn_ctx()->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::date_trunc_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::date_trunc(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::date_trunc_close(
                            _utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        auto datetimes = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(result);

        auto check_result = test_case.second;

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, str2date) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    const char* str1 = "01,5,2013";
    const char* str2 = "2020-06-24 17:10:25";
    const char* fmt1 = "%d,%m,%Y";
    const char* fmt2 = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s";
    DateValue ts1 = DateValue::create(2013, 5, 1);
    DateValue ts2 = DateValue::create(2020, 6, 24);

    const auto& varchar_type_desc = TypeDescriptor::create_varchar_type(TypeDescriptor::MAX_VARCHAR_LENGTH);
    // nullable
    {
        ColumnPtr str_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        ColumnPtr fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1)); // str1 <=> fmt1
        fmt_col->append_datum(Slice(fmt1));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str2)); // str2 <=> fmt2
        fmt_col->append_datum(Slice(fmt2));
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1); // null <=> fmt1
        fmt_col->append_datum(Slice(fmt1));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1)); // str1 <=> null
        (void)fmt_col->append_nulls(1);
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1); // null <=> null
        (void)fmt_col->append_nulls(1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str2date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(5, nullable_col->size());
        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, nullable_col->get(0).get_date());
        ASSERT_EQ(ts2, nullable_col->get(1).get_date());
        for (int i = 2; i < 5; ++i) {
            ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(i));
        }
    }
    // const
    {
        auto str_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(str1, 1);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(fmt1, 1);
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str2date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_constant());

        ConstColumn::Ptr const_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<ConstColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_FALSE(const_col->is_date());
        ASSERT_EQ(1, const_col->size());
        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, const_col->get(0).get_date());
    }
    // const <=> non-const
    {
        ColumnPtr str_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(fmt1, 1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1));
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("25,06,2020"));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str2date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(3, nullable_col->size());
        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, nullable_col->get(0).get_date());
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2020, 6, 25), nullable_col->get(2).get_date());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, str2date_of_dateformat) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    const char* str1 = "2013-05-01";
    const char* fmt1 = "%Y-%m-%d";
    DateValue ts1 = DateValue::create(2013, 5, 1);
    const auto& varchar_type_desc = TypeDescriptor::create_varchar_type(TypeDescriptor::MAX_VARCHAR_LENGTH);
    // const <=> non-const
    {
        ColumnPtr str_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(fmt1, 1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1));
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("2020-06-25"));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("     2020-03-12"));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("   2020-03-12    11:35:23  "));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("   2020-0  "));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str2date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);

        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, nullable_col->get(0).get_date());
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2020, 6, 25), nullable_col->get(2).get_date());
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2020, 3, 12), nullable_col->get(3).get_date());
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2020, 3, 12), nullable_col->get(4).get_date());
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(5));
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, str2date_of_datetimeformat) {
    FunctionContext* ctx = FunctionContext::create_test_context();
    auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext>(ctx);

    const char* str1 = "2013-05-01 11:12:13";
    const char* fmt1 = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s";
    DateValue ts1 = DateValue::create(2013, 5, 1);
    [[maybe_unused]] DateValue ts2 = DateValue::create(2020, 6, 24);
    const auto& varchar_type_desc = TypeDescriptor::create_varchar_type(TypeDescriptor::MAX_VARCHAR_LENGTH);
    // const <=> non-const
    {
        ColumnPtr str_col = ColumnHelper::create_column(varchar_type_desc, true);
        auto fmt_col = ColumnHelper::create_const_column<TYPE_VARCHAR>(fmt1, 1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice(str1));
        (void)str_col->append_nulls(1);
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("2020-06-25 12:05:39"));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("     2020-03-12 08:19:39"));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("   2020-03-12    11:35:23  "));
        str_col->append_datum(Slice("   2020-03-12    11:  "));

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(str_col);
        columns.emplace_back(fmt_col);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::str2date(ctx, columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);

        ASSERT_EQ(ts1, nullable_col->get(0).get_date());
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2020, 6, 25), nullable_col->get(2).get_date());
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2020, 3, 12), nullable_col->get(3).get_date());
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2020, 3, 12), nullable_col->get(4).get_date());
        ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2020, 3, 12), nullable_col->get(5).get_date());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, timeSliceFloorTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 21, 22, 51));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(0001, 3, 2, 14, 17, 28));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(0001, 5, 6, 11, 54, 23));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2022, 7, 8, 9, 13, 19));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 9, 8, 8, 16));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2022, 11, 3, 23, 41, 37));

    std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types = {TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATETIME)};
    auto return_type = TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATETIME);
    std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> time_slice_context(
            FunctionContext::create_test_context(std::move(arg_types), return_type));

    //second
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("second");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 21, 22, 50), TimestampValue::create(0001, 3, 2, 14, 17, 25),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 5, 6, 11, 54, 20), TimestampValue::create(2022, 7, 8, 9, 13, 15),
                TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 9, 8, 8, 15),   TimestampValue::create(2022, 11, 3, 23, 41, 35)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //minute
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("minute");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 21, 20, 0), TimestampValue::create(0001, 3, 2, 14, 15, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 5, 6, 11, 50, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 9, 8, 5, 0),   TimestampValue::create(2022, 11, 3, 23, 40, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //hour
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("hour");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 20, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(0001, 3, 2, 10, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 5, 6, 10, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 9, 6, 0, 0),  TimestampValue::create(2022, 11, 3, 21, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //day
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("day");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(0001, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 7, 5, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 11, 2, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //month
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("month");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 1, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //year
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("year");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2021, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2021, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2021, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //week
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("week");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),  TimestampValue::create(0001, 2, 5, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 4, 16, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 6, 20, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2022, 8, 29, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 10, 3, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //quarter
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("quarter");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0),
                TimestampValue::create(2022, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0), TimestampValue::create(2022, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, timeSliceCeilTest) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 21, 22, 51));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(0001, 3, 2, 14, 17, 28));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(0001, 5, 6, 11, 54, 23));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2022, 7, 8, 9, 13, 19));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 9, 8, 8, 16));
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(2022, 11, 3, 23, 41, 37));

    std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types = {TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATETIME)};
    auto return_type = TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATETIME);
    std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> time_slice_context(
            FunctionContext::create_test_context(std::move(arg_types), return_type));

    //second
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("second");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("ceil");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        TimestampValue check_result[6] = {
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 1, 1, 21, 22, 55), TimestampValue::create(0001, 3, 2, 14, 17, 30),
                TimestampValue::create(0001, 5, 6, 11, 54, 25), TimestampValue::create(2022, 7, 8, 9, 13, 20),
                TimestampValue::create(2022, 9, 9, 8, 8, 20),   TimestampValue::create(2022, 11, 3, 23, 41, 40)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, timeSliceTestWithThrowExceptions) {
    TimestampColumn::Ptr tc = TimestampColumn::create();
    tc->append(TimestampValue::create(0000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0));

    std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types = {TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATETIME)};
    auto return_type = TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATETIME);
    std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> time_slice_context(
            FunctionContext::create_test_context(std::move(arg_types), return_type));

    //second
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("second");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        StatusOr<ColumnPtr> result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns);
        ASSERT_TRUE(result.status().is_invalid_argument());
        ASSERT_EQ(result.status().message(), "time used with time_slice can't before 0001-01-01 00:00:00");

        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, DateSliceFloorTest) {
    DateColumn::Ptr tc = DateColumn::create();
    tc->append(DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(0001, 3, 2));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(0001, 5, 6));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2022, 7, 8));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2022, 9, 9));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2022, 11, 3));

    std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types = {TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATE)};
    auto return_type = TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATE);
    std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> time_slice_context(
            FunctionContext::create_test_context(std::move(arg_types), return_type));

    //day
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("day");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        DateValue check_result[6] = {DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1), DateValue::create(0001, 3, 2),
                                     DateValue::create(0001, 5, 6), DateValue::create(2022, 7, 5),
                                     DateValue::create(2022, 9, 8), DateValue::create(2022, 11, 2)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //month
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("month");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        DateValue check_result[6] = {DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1), DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1),
                                     DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2022, 4, 1),
                                     DateValue::create(2022, 9, 1), DateValue::create(2022, 9, 1)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //year
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("year");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        DateValue check_result[6] = {DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1), DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1),
                                     DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2021, 1, 1),
                                     DateValue::create(2021, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2021, 1, 1)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //week
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("week");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        DateValue check_result[6] = {DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1),  DateValue::create(0001, 2, 5),
                                     DateValue::create(0001, 4, 16), DateValue::create(2022, 6, 20),
                                     DateValue::create(2022, 8, 29), DateValue::create(2022, 10, 3)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }

    //quarter
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("quarter");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("floor");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        DateValue check_result[6] = {DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1), DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1),
                                     DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1), DateValue::create(2022, 4, 1),
                                     DateValue::create(2022, 4, 1), DateValue::create(2022, 4, 1)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, DateSliceCeilTest) {
    DateColumn::Ptr tc = DateColumn::create();
    tc->append(DateValue::create(0001, 1, 1));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(0001, 3, 2));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(0001, 5, 6));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2022, 7, 8));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2022, 9, 9));
    tc->append(DateValue::create(2022, 11, 3));

    std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types = {TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATE)};
    auto return_type = TypeDescriptor::from_logical_type(TYPE_DATE);
    std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> time_slice_context(
            FunctionContext::create_test_context(std::move(arg_types), return_type));

    //day
    {
        Int32Column::Ptr period_value = Int32Column::create();
        period_value->append(5);
        ConstColumn::Ptr period_column = ConstColumn::create(period_value, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr unit_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        unit_text->append("day");
        ConstColumn::Ptr unit_column = ConstColumn::create(unit_text, 1);

        BinaryColumn::Ptr boundary_text = BinaryColumn::create();
        boundary_text->append("ceil");
        ConstColumn::Ptr boundary_column = ConstColumn::create(boundary_text, 1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        columns.emplace_back(period_column);
        columns.emplace_back(unit_column);
        columns.emplace_back(boundary_column);

        time_slice_context->set_constant_columns(columns);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::time_slice_prepare(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                      FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_slice(time_slice_context.get(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::time_slice_close(time_slice_context.get(),
                                                FunctionContext::FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        auto datetimes =
                ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATE>(ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result)->data_column());

        DateValue check_result[6] = {DateValue::create(0001, 1, 6),  DateValue::create(0001, 3, 7),
                                     DateValue::create(0001, 5, 11), DateValue::create(2022, 7, 10),
                                     DateValue::create(2022, 9, 13), DateValue::create(2022, 11, 7)};

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(check_result) / sizeof(check_result[0]); ++i) {
            ASSERT_EQ(check_result[i], datetimes->get_data()[i]);
        }
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, MakeDateTest) {
    Int32Column::Ptr year_value = Int32Column::create();
    Int32Column::Ptr day_of_year_value = Int32Column::create();

    year_value->append(0);
    day_of_year_value->append(1);

    year_value->append(2023);
    day_of_year_value->append(0);

    year_value->append(2023);
    day_of_year_value->append(32);

    year_value->append(2023);
    day_of_year_value->append(365);

    year_value->append(2023);
    day_of_year_value->append(366);

    year_value->append(9999);
    day_of_year_value->append(1);

    year_value->append(9999);
    day_of_year_value->append(365);

    year_value->append(9999);
    day_of_year_value->append(366);

    year_value->append(10000);
    day_of_year_value->append(1);

    year_value->append(1);
    day_of_year_value->append(-1);

    Columns columns;
    columns.emplace_back(year_value);
    columns.emplace_back(day_of_year_value);

    ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::make_date(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
    ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

    NullableColumn::Ptr nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);

    ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(0000, 1, 1), nullable_col->get(0).get_date());
    ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));
    ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2023, 2, 1), nullable_col->get(2).get_date());
    ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(2023, 12, 31), nullable_col->get(3).get_date());
    ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(4));
    ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(9999, 1, 1), nullable_col->get(5).get_date());
    ASSERT_EQ(DateValue::create(9999, 12, 31), nullable_col->get(6).get_date());
    ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(7));
    ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(8));
    ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(9));
}

// Tests for format_time function
TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, formatTimeTest) {
    // Basic format test
    {
        // Create time column
        auto time_builder = ColumnBuilder<TYPE_TIME>(1);
        TimestampValue ts = TimestampValue::create(0, 0, 0, 14, 30, 40);
        time_builder.append(ts.timestamp());
        auto time_column = time_builder.build(false);

        // Create format column with basic format string
        auto format_builder = ColumnBuilder<TYPE_VARCHAR>(1);
        format_builder.append("%H:%i:%S");
        auto format_column = format_builder.build(false);

        // Set up columns and function context
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(time_column));
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(format_column));

        // Execute format_time function
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_format(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);

        // Verify result
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        auto result_viewer = ColumnViewer<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        EXPECT_EQ("14:30:40", std::string(result_viewer.value(0)));
    }

    // Multiple format strings test
    {
        // Create time column with multiple rows
        auto time_builder = ColumnBuilder<TYPE_TIME>(4);
        TimestampValue ts = TimestampValue::create(0, 0, 0, 14, 30, 40);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            time_builder.append(ts.timestamp());
        }
        auto time_column = time_builder.build(false);

        // Create format column with different format strings
        auto format_builder = ColumnBuilder<TYPE_VARCHAR>(4);
        format_builder.append("%H:%i:%S");
        format_builder.append("%H:%i");
        format_builder.append("Time: %H:%i");
        format_builder.append("%H");
        auto format_column = format_builder.build(false);

        // Set up columns and function context
        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(time_column));
        columns.emplace_back(std::move(format_column));

        // Execute format_time function
        TimeFunctions::format_prepare(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::time_format(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        TimeFunctions::format_close(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);

        // Verify results
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_binary());
        auto result_viewer = ColumnViewer<TYPE_VARCHAR>(result);
        EXPECT_EQ("14:30:40", std::string(result_viewer.value(0)));
        EXPECT_EQ("14:30", std::string(result_viewer.value(1)));
        EXPECT_EQ("Time: 14:30", std::string(result_viewer.value(2)));
        EXPECT_EQ("14", std::string(result_viewer.value(3)));
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, IcbergTransTest) {
    std::unique_ptr<FunctionContext> ctx(FunctionContext::create_test_context());

    {
        Columns columns_const;
        auto col1 = DateColumn::create();
        col1->append(DateValue::create(2022, 2, 2));
        columns_const.emplace_back(std::move(col1));

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::iceberg_years_since_epoch_date(ctx.get(), columns_const).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<Int64Column>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(2022 - 1970, v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        Columns columns_const;
        auto col1 = DateColumn::create();
        col1->append(DateValue::create(1970, 2, 28));
        columns_const.emplace_back(std::move(col1));

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::iceberg_months_since_epoch_date(ctx.get(), columns_const).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<Int64Column>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        Columns columns_const;
        auto col1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        col1->append(TimestampValue::create(2022, 2, 2, 12, 22, 22));
        columns_const.emplace_back(std::move(col1));

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::iceberg_years_since_epoch_datetime(ctx.get(), columns_const).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<Int64Column>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(2022 - 1970, v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        Columns columns_const;
        auto col1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        col1->append(TimestampValue::create(1970, 2, 2, 12, 22, 22));
        columns_const.emplace_back(std::move(col1));

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::iceberg_months_since_epoch_datetime(ctx.get(), columns_const).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<Int64Column>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        Columns columns_const;
        auto col1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        col1->append(TimestampValue::create(1970, 1, 2, 23, 22, 22));
        columns_const.emplace_back(std::move(col1));

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::iceberg_days_since_epoch_datetime(ctx.get(), columns_const).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<Int64Column>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        Columns columns_const;
        auto col1 = TimestampColumn::create();
        col1->append(TimestampValue::create(1970, 1, 1, 23, 22, 22));
        columns_const.emplace_back(std::move(col1));

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::iceberg_hours_since_epoch_datetime(ctx.get(), columns_const).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<Int64Column>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(23, v->get_data()[0]);
    }

    {
        Columns columns_const;
        auto col1 = DateColumn::create();
        col1->append(DateValue::create(1970, 1, 2));
        columns_const.emplace_back(std::move(col1));

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::iceberg_days_since_epoch_date(ctx.get(), columns_const).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_numeric());
        ASSERT_FALSE(result->is_nullable());
        auto v = ColumnHelper::as_column<Int64Column>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[0]);
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, unixtimeToDatetimeInvalidArgCount) {
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc int_type;
        int_type.type = TYPE_INT;
        arg_types.push_back(int_type);
        arg_types.push_back(int_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Status prepare_status = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_prepare(
                fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_FALSE(prepare_status.ok());
        ASSERT_TRUE(prepare_status.message().find("expects 1 or 2 arguments") != std::string::npos);

        TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_close(fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        delete fn_ctx;
    }

    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Status prepare_status = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_prepare(
                fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_FALSE(prepare_status.ok());
        ASSERT_TRUE(prepare_status.message().find("expects 1 or 2 arguments") != std::string::npos);

        TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_close(fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        delete fn_ctx;
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, unixtimeToDatetimeNonConstantScale) {
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc int_type;
        int_type.type = TYPE_INT;
        arg_types.push_back(int_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Int64Column::Ptr timestamp_col = Int64Column::create();
        timestamp_col->append(1598306400);
        timestamp_col->append(1598306401000);
        timestamp_col->append(1598306402000000);

        Int32Column::Ptr scale_col = Int32Column::create();
        scale_col->append(0);
        scale_col->append(3);
        scale_col->append(6);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(timestamp_col);
        columns.emplace_back(scale_col);

        fn_ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);

        Status prepare_status = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_prepare(
                fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(prepare_status.ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime(fn_ctx, columns).value();
        auto datetime_col = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);

        ASSERT_EQ(3, datetime_col->size());

        TimestampValue expected1 = TimestampValue::create(2020, 8, 24, 15, 0, 0);
        TimestampValue expected2 = TimestampValue::create(2020, 8, 24, 15, 0, 1);
        TimestampValue expected3 = TimestampValue::create(2020, 8, 24, 15, 0, 2);

        ASSERT_EQ(expected1, datetime_col->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(expected2, datetime_col->get_data()[1]);
        ASSERT_EQ(expected3, datetime_col->get_data()[2]);

        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_close(fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        delete fn_ctx;
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, unixtimeToDatetimeRuntimeInvalidScale) {
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc int_type;
        int_type.type = TYPE_INT;
        arg_types.push_back(int_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Int64Column::Ptr timestamp_col = Int64Column::create();
        timestamp_col->append(1598306400);
        timestamp_col->append(1598306401);
        timestamp_col->append(1598306402);

        Int32Column::Ptr scale_col = Int32Column::create();
        scale_col->append(0);
        scale_col->append(5);
        scale_col->append(6);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(timestamp_col);
        columns.emplace_back(scale_col);

        fn_ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);

        Status prepare_status = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_prepare(
                fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(prepare_status.ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime(fn_ctx, columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
        auto nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);

        ASSERT_FALSE(nullable_col->is_null(0));
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));
        ASSERT_FALSE(nullable_col->is_null(2));

        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_close(fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        delete fn_ctx;
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, unixtimeToDatetimeNullContext) {
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Int64Column::Ptr timestamp_col = Int64Column::create();
        timestamp_col->append(1598306400);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(timestamp_col);

        auto result = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime(fn_ctx, columns);
        ASSERT_FALSE(result.ok());
        ASSERT_TRUE(result.status().message().find("Function context not properly initialized") != std::string::npos);

        delete fn_ctx;
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, unixtimeToDatetimeNonFragmentLocalScope) {
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Status prepare_status =
                TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_prepare(fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::THREAD_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(prepare_status.ok());

        Status close_status =
                TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_close(fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::THREAD_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(close_status.ok());

        delete fn_ctx;
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, unixtimeToDatetimeInvalidTimestamp) {
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Int64Column::Ptr timestamp_col = Int64Column::create();
        timestamp_col->append(253402300800);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(timestamp_col);

        fn_ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);

        Status prepare_status = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_prepare(
                fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(prepare_status.ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime(fn_ctx, columns).value();

        if (result->is_nullable()) {
            auto nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        }

        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_close(fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        delete fn_ctx;
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, unixtimeToDatetimeNullScale) {
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc int_type;
        int_type.type = TYPE_INT;
        arg_types.push_back(int_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Int64Column::Ptr timestamp_col = Int64Column::create();
        timestamp_col->append(1598306400);
        timestamp_col->append(1598306401);

        auto scale_null_col = NullColumn::create();
        scale_null_col->append(0);
        scale_null_col->append(1);

        auto scale_data_col = Int32Column::create();
        scale_data_col->append(3);
        scale_data_col->append(6);

        auto scale_col = NullableColumn::create(scale_data_col, scale_null_col);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(timestamp_col);
        columns.emplace_back(scale_col);

        fn_ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);

        Status prepare_status = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_prepare(
                fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(prepare_status.ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime(fn_ctx, columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
        auto nullable_col = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);

        ASSERT_FALSE(nullable_col->is_null(0));
        ASSERT_TRUE(nullable_col->is_null(1));

        ASSERT_TRUE(
                TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_close(fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                        .ok());

        delete fn_ctx;
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, unixtimeToDatetimeNtzAdditionalCases) {
    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc int_type;
        int_type.type = TYPE_INT;
        arg_types.push_back(int_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Int64Column::Ptr timestamp_col = Int64Column::create();
        timestamp_col->append(1598306400);
        timestamp_col->append(1598306401000);

        Int32Column::Ptr scale_col = Int32Column::create();
        scale_col->append(0);
        scale_col->append(3);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(timestamp_col);
        columns.emplace_back(scale_col);

        fn_ctx->set_constant_columns(columns);

        Status prepare_status = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_ntz_prepare(
                fn_ctx, FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL);
        ASSERT_TRUE(prepare_status.ok());

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_ntz(fn_ctx, columns).value();
        auto datetime_col = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_DATETIME>(result);
        TimestampValue expected1 = TimestampValue::create(2020, 8, 24, 22, 0, 0);
        TimestampValue expected2 = TimestampValue::create(2020, 8, 24, 22, 0, 1);

        ASSERT_EQ(expected1, datetime_col->get_data()[0]);
        ASSERT_EQ(expected2, datetime_col->get_data()[1]);

        ASSERT_TRUE(TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_ntz_close(fn_ctx,
                                                                  FunctionContext::FunctionStateScope::FRAGMENT_LOCAL)
                            .ok());

        delete fn_ctx;
    }

    {
        TQueryGlobals globals;
        globals.__set_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles");
        auto state = std::make_shared<RuntimeState>(globals);

        FunctionContext::TypeDesc return_type;
        return_type.type = TYPE_DATETIME;

        std::vector<FunctionContext::TypeDesc> arg_types;
        FunctionContext::TypeDesc bigint_type;
        bigint_type.type = TYPE_BIGINT;
        arg_types.push_back(bigint_type);

        auto* fn_ctx = FunctionContext::create_context(state.get(), nullptr, return_type, arg_types);

        Int64Column::Ptr timestamp_col = Int64Column::create();
        timestamp_col->append(1598306400);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(timestamp_col);

        auto result = TimeFunctions::unixtime_to_datetime_ntz(fn_ctx, columns);
        ASSERT_FALSE(result.ok());
        ASSERT_TRUE(result.status().message().find("Function context not properly initialized") != std::string::npos);

        delete fn_ctx;
    }
}

TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, hourFromUnixTime) {
    // Change timezone to UTC for consistent testing
    RuntimeState* state = _utils->get_fn_ctx()->state();
    std::string prev_timezone = state->timezone();
    ASSERT_TRUE(state->set_timezone("UTC"));
    DeferOp defer([&]() { state->set_timezone(prev_timezone); });

    // Test 1: Basic positive unixtime values
    {
        Int64Column::Ptr tc = Int64Column::create();
        // 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
        tc->append(0); // hour = 0
        // 1970-01-01 01:00:00 UTC
        tc->append(3600); // hour = 1
        // 1970-01-01 12:34:56 UTC
        tc->append(45296); // hour = 12
        // 1970-01-01 23:59:59 UTC
        tc->append(86399); // hour = 23
        // 1970-01-02 00:00:00 UTC
        tc->append(86400); // hour = 0
        // 2000-01-01 08:00:00 UTC (946713600)
        tc->append(946713600); // hour = 8

        int expected[] = {0, 1, 12, 23, 0, 8};

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::hour_from_unixtime(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        auto hours = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_TINYINT>(result);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(expected) / sizeof(expected[0]); ++i) {
            EXPECT_EQ(expected[i], hours->get_data()[i]) << "Failed for basic positive at index " << i;
        }
    }

    // Test 2: Timezone offset to simulate "negative" hour results
    {
        // Set timezone to UTC-1 to simulate "negative" hour results for small positive unixtime values
        RuntimeState* state = _utils->get_fn_ctx()->state();
        std::string prev_timezone = state->timezone();
        ASSERT_TRUE(state->set_timezone("Etc/GMT+1")); // UTC-1

        DeferOp defer([&]() { state->set_timezone(prev_timezone); });

        Int64Column::Ptr tc = Int64Column::create();
        // 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, in UTC-1, it's 1969-12-31 23:00:00, so hour = 23
        tc->append(0);
        // 1970-01-01 01:00:00 UTC, in UTC-1, it's 00:00:00, so hour = 0
        tc->append(3600);
        // 1970-01-01 23:00:00 UTC, in UTC-1, it's 22:00:00, so hour = 22
        tc->append(23 * 3600);
        // 1970-01-01 23:59:59 UTC, in UTC-1, it's 22:59:59, so hour = 22
        tc->append(23 * 3600 + 3599);
        // 1970-01-02 00:00:00 UTC, in UTC-1, it's 23:00:00, so hour = 23
        tc->append(24 * 3600);

        int expected_negative[] = {23, 0, 22, 22, 23};

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::hour_from_unixtime(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        auto hours = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_TINYINT>(result);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(expected_negative) / sizeof(expected_negative[0]); ++i) {
            EXPECT_EQ(expected_negative[i], hours->get_data()[i])
                    << "Failed for timezone offset at index " << i << " with value " << tc->get_data()[i];
        }
    }

    // Test 3: Mixed positive and boundary values with timezone offset
    {
        // Set timezone to UTC+2 to simulate hour shifting
        RuntimeState* state = _utils->get_fn_ctx()->state();
        std::string prev_timezone = state->timezone();
        ASSERT_TRUE(state->set_timezone("Etc/GMT-2")); // UTC+2

        DeferOp defer([&]() { state->set_timezone(prev_timezone); });

        Int64Column::Ptr tc = Int64Column::create();

        // 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, in UTC+2, it's 02:00:00, so hour = 2
        tc->append(0);
        // 1970-01-01 01:00:00 UTC, in UTC+2, it's 03:00:00, so hour = 3
        tc->append(3600);
        // 1970-01-01 22:00:00 UTC, in UTC+2, it's 00:00:00 next day, so hour = 0
        tc->append(22 * 3600);
        // 1970-01-01 23:59:59 UTC, in UTC+2, it's 01:59:59 next day, so hour = 1
        tc->append(23 * 3600 + 3599);
        // 1970-01-02 00:00:00 UTC, in UTC+2, it's 02:00:00, so hour = 2
        tc->append(24 * 3600);

        int expected_mixed[] = {2, 3, 0, 1, 2};

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::hour_from_unixtime(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        auto hours = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_TINYINT>(result);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(expected_mixed) / sizeof(expected_mixed[0]); ++i) {
            EXPECT_EQ(expected_mixed[i], hours->get_data()[i])
                    << "Failed for mixed timezone offset at index " << i << " with value " << tc->get_data()[i];
        }
    }

    // Test 4: Null value handling to ensure correct order (with timezone offset)
    {
        // Set timezone to UTC+3
        RuntimeState* state = _utils->get_fn_ctx()->state();
        std::string prev_timezone = state->timezone();
        ASSERT_TRUE(state->set_timezone("Etc/GMT-3")); // UTC+3

        DeferOp defer([&]() { state->set_timezone(prev_timezone); });

        // Create a nullable column with nulls interspersed
        auto tc = ColumnHelper::create_column(TypeDescriptor(TYPE_BIGINT), true);

        tc->append_datum((int64_t)0);     // hour 3
        tc->append_nulls(1);              // null
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)3600);  // hour 4
        tc->append_nulls(1);              // null
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)7200);  // hour 5
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)82800); // 23:00:00 UTC, hour 2 (next day)
        tc->append_nulls(1);              // null
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)10800); // hour 6

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::hour_from_unixtime(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());

        auto nullable_result = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(8, nullable_result->size());

        // Check that results are in correct order
        EXPECT_EQ(3, nullable_result->get(0).get_int8()); // 0 -> hour 3
        EXPECT_TRUE(nullable_result->is_null(1));         // null
        EXPECT_EQ(4, nullable_result->get(2).get_int8()); // 3600 -> hour 4
        EXPECT_TRUE(nullable_result->is_null(3));         // null
        EXPECT_EQ(5, nullable_result->get(4).get_int8()); // 7200 -> hour 5
        EXPECT_EQ(2, nullable_result->get(5).get_int8()); // 82800 -> hour 2 (next day)
        EXPECT_TRUE(nullable_result->is_null(6));         // null
        EXPECT_EQ(6, nullable_result->get(7).get_int8()); // 10800 -> hour 6
    }

    // Test 5: Edge cases for hour wrapping with timezone offset and negative input (should return null)
    {
        // Set timezone to UTC-2 to test hour wrapping
        RuntimeState* state = _utils->get_fn_ctx()->state();
        std::string prev_timezone = state->timezone();
        ASSERT_TRUE(state->set_timezone("Etc/GMT+2")); // UTC-2

        DeferOp defer([&]() { state->set_timezone(prev_timezone); });

        // Use a nullable column to allow negative input
        auto tc = ColumnHelper::create_column(TypeDescriptor(TYPE_BIGINT), true);

        // 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, in UTC-2, it's 22:00:00 previous day, so hour = 22
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)0);
        // 1970-01-01 01:00:00 UTC, in UTC-2, it's 23:00:00 previous day, so hour = 23
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)3600);
        // 1970-01-01 02:00:00 UTC, in UTC-2, it's 00:00:00, so hour = 0
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)7200);
        // 1970-01-01 03:00:00 UTC, in UTC-2, it's 01:00:00, so hour = 1
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)10800);

        // Negative input cases (should return null)
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)-1);
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)-10000);
        tc->append_datum((int64_t)-3600);

        // Expected: 22, 23, 0, 1, [null, null, null]
        int expected_edge[] = {22, 23, 0, 1};

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(tc);
        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::hour_from_unixtime(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
        auto nullable_result = ColumnHelper::as_column<NullableColumn>(result);
        ASSERT_EQ(7, nullable_result->size());

        // Check non-negative cases
        for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            EXPECT_FALSE(nullable_result->is_null(i)) << "Unexpected null at index " << i;
            EXPECT_EQ(expected_edge[i], nullable_result->get(i).get_int8())
                    << "Failed for edge case with timezone offset at index " << i << " with value "
                    << tc->get(i).get_int64();
        }
        // Check negative input returns null
        for (size_t i = 4; i < 7; ++i) {
            EXPECT_TRUE(nullable_result->is_null(i))
                    << "Expected null for negative input at index " << i << " with value " << tc->get(i).get_int64();
        }
    }
}

// Tests for sec_to_time function
TEST_F(TimeFunctionsTest, secToTimeTest) {
    {
        auto int_value = ColumnHelper::create_column(TypeDescriptor(TYPE_BIGINT), false);

        int_value->append_datum(0L);
        int_value->append_datum(1L);
        int_value->append_datum(60L);
        int_value->append_datum(3600L);
        int_value->append_datum(36000L);
        int_value->append_datum(86399L);
        int_value->append_datum(3024000L);
        int_value->append_datum(4000000L);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(int_value);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::sec_to_time(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_TIME>(result);

        EXPECT_EQ(8, result->size());
        EXPECT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[0]);
        EXPECT_EQ(1, v->get_data()[1]);
        EXPECT_EQ(60, v->get_data()[2]);
        EXPECT_EQ(3600, v->get_data()[3]);
        EXPECT_EQ(36000, v->get_data()[4]);
        EXPECT_EQ(86399, v->get_data()[5]);
        EXPECT_EQ(3023999, v->get_data()[6]);
        EXPECT_EQ(3023999, v->get_data()[7]);
    }
    {
        auto int_value = ColumnHelper::create_column(TypeDescriptor(TYPE_BIGINT), false);

        int_value->append_datum(-0L);
        int_value->append_datum(-1L);
        int_value->append_datum(-60L);
        int_value->append_datum(-3600L);
        int_value->append_datum(-36000L);
        int_value->append_datum(-86399L);
        int_value->append_datum(-3024000L);
        int_value->append_datum(-4000000L);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(int_value);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::sec_to_time(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();
        auto v = ColumnHelper::cast_to<TYPE_TIME>(result);

        EXPECT_EQ(8, result->size());
        EXPECT_EQ(0, v->get_data()[0]);
        EXPECT_EQ(-1, v->get_data()[1]);
        EXPECT_EQ(-60, v->get_data()[2]);
        EXPECT_EQ(-3600, v->get_data()[3]);
        EXPECT_EQ(-36000, v->get_data()[4]);
        EXPECT_EQ(-86399, v->get_data()[5]);
        EXPECT_EQ(-3023999, v->get_data()[6]);
        EXPECT_EQ(-3023999, v->get_data()[7]);
    }

    {
        // Create null column
        auto null_value = ColumnHelper::create_column(TypeDescriptor(TYPE_BIGINT), true);

        (void)null_value->append_nulls(1);

        Columns columns;
        columns.emplace_back(null_value);

        ColumnPtr result = TimeFunctions::sec_to_time(_utils->get_fn_ctx(), columns).value();

        EXPECT_EQ(1, result->size());
        ASSERT_TRUE(result->is_nullable());
    }
}

} // namespace starrocks